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Question Results

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Question:

Visc-sens 7 pain route in image - abdominal organ below pain line

Response:

Visc-sens-Nl 7

Dropzone	Correct Answers	Your answers
...course...		from organ 2
From organ...	to spinal cord 3	course 1
...to spinal cord	course 2	to spinal cord 1

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Question:

Sensory pathways 1

Response:

Sensibiliteit-NL 1

Dropzone	Correct Answers	Your answers
...course...
From organ...	from organ 3
...to spinal cord	course 3

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Question:

Visc-sens-ENG 10 pain route detailed - diverticulitis of the descending colon

Response:

Via which neural route does a pain stimulus go from diverticulitis in the descending colon to the spinal cord? Put the structures in the correct order.

Descending colon->
periarterial nerve plexi
superior and inferior mesenteric plexi
lumbar splanchnic nerves L1-L3
sympathetic trunk at the level of L1-L3
white rami communicantes at the level of L1-L3
lumbar spinal nerves L1-L3
spinal (sensory) ganglia L1-L3
posterior horns spinal cord L1-L3
-> via spinal cord to brain

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Question:

Referred pain-ENG 1

Response:

The figure aims to illustrate the principle of referred pain. You see nerve impulses from splanchnic nerves (the red dotted line) and nerve impulses from (the anterior or posterior ramus of) spinal nerves (the blue dotted line) converge at the same location in the spinal cord. This mechanism underlies referred pain. Which remarks regarding referred pain as depicted by this figure apply? (multiple answers can be correct)

Answers	Your Answer	Correct
This can occur with disease processes in internal organs and structures in the chest, such as the heart, lungs and great vessels.
This can occur with disease processes in upper abdominal organs such as liver, gallbladder and bile ducts, stomach, duodenum.
This can occur with disease processes in mid and lower abdominal organs such as jejunum, ileum, caecum and appendix, and colon to mid-sigmoid.
This can occur with disease processes in the distal part of the sigmoid, rectum, bladder (except for dome or roof of the bladder), cervix of uterus and vagina.
This can occur with disease processes in retroperitoneal organs such as the kidneys, adrenal glands and ureters.
The pain stimulus runs via the splanchnic nerve (the red dotted line).
The pain stimulus passes through the anterior or posterior ramus of the spinal nerve (the blue dotted line).
This can lead to referred pain in the spinal nerve dermatome.
This can lead to referred pain in the organs that are sensory innervated via the splanchnic nerve.
This may be accompanied by allodynia (normally non-painful stimuli, such as stroking the skin, are painful) in the spinal nerve dermatome.
This concerns somato-somatic referred pain.
This concerns viscero-somatic referred pain.
This concerns viscero-visceral referred pain.

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Question:

Visc-sens-ENG 12 pain route detailed - cervix of uterus

Response:

Via which neural route does a pain stimulus go from the cervix of the uterus (e.g. due to dilation during delivery) to the spinal cord? Put the structures in the correct order.

Cervix of uterus ->
inferior hypogastric plexus (L and R)
pelvic splanchnic nerves
sacral nerves S2-S4
spinal ganglia S2-S4
posterior horns spinal cord S2-S4
-> via spinal cord to brain

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Question:

Referred pain-ENG 3

Response:

The figure aims to illustrate the principle of referred pain with a pain stimulus led through the phrenic nerve. Which comments regarding this referred pain apply? (multiple answers can be correct)

Answers	Your Answer	Correct
This can occur with disease processes in organs and structures in contact with the pericardium.
This can occur with disease processes in the superior lateral lung fields.
This can occur with disease processes in organs and structures in contact with the diaphragm.
This can occur with disease processes in the shoulder and upper extremity.
This can occur with disease processes in the gallbladder and cystic duct.
The pain stimulus passes through the supraclavicular nerves.
This can lead to referred pain in the dermatomes C3-C5.
This can lead to referred pain in the neck, shoulder and upper arm.
This concerns somato-somatic referred pain.
This concerns viscero-somatic referred pain.
This concerns viscero-visceral referred pain.