Anatomy Learning Resources - which are open?

Anatomy Learning Resources: which are open?

by O. Paul Gobée, MD, anatomist, dept. of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands  

A separate page features a collection of the Best Open Anatomy Learning Resources.

If you are a teacher of anatomy looking for material you can directly (re)use in your teaching, go there.
That page focuses on good quality Anatomy Learning Resources with a Creative Common License (which guarantees redistribution is allowed at no cost) or in the Public Domain, but also some high quality 'no-cost read access' resources are included.
The resources on that page were collected and selected during the TOOL2 project.

Archived page of investigation of online anatomical resources

The rest of the page below is kept available for archival purposes but will probably not be updated and extended with new resources any more.
It regards a prior investigation done to get an impression of the amount and quality of available online anatomical resources with an open license and 'no-cost read access', resources. During the investigation, also several less open resources were identified and are listed.
However you may notify us if you find errors in this listing. Also we always look forwards to hear of high quality anatomy learning resources with Creative Commons licenses or in the Public Domain, which might be added to the above page of best open anatomy learning resources.
 

Method

Resources were investigated in a number of categories: repositories, general anatomy, dissection, embryology, histology, 3D applications, and clinical anatomy.
Resources were found as follows: from own experience as anatomist, from a request to fellow anatomists in Netherlands and Belgium to submit used sites, from suggestions by colleagues, and from a listing of several sites I had bumped into and noted over the last years. And last but not least, from Google searches.
For each resource, a short description is given and it was investigated whether it could be accessed, which license applies, and its possible costs. It is noted whether open reuse (with modification and republishing) is possible.
For each resource, it was checked whether/how specific subjects could be found. As a random test, for three anatomical structures the presence of items was checked. This was done for: superior mesenteric artery, posterior tibial (muscle) and the superior extensor retinaculum in the ankle.
A (subjective) judgement of the resource is given based on random checks. Also an over-all conclusion per category is given.

This file is licensed under Creative Commons Attribute-ShareAlike International 4.0 (CC BY SA)
This file is for informational purposes only. It was attempted to be accurate, but no warranties are given as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the information in this file.

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  By O. Paul Gobée, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands. License: CC BY SA. Last update: 20 June 2019.   CREDITS: I kindly thank the following persons for their contributions to this list (in alphabetic order):                
  This file is for informational purposes only. It was attempted to be accurate, but no warranties are given as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the information in this file.         Johannes van der Belt, LUMC; Friso Jansen, LUMC; Fred van Immerseel, LUMC; Michel Dieben, LUMC; Loes Hazes, VUMC; Michael Hortsch, Univ. of Michigan; Sylvia Moes, VU; Robbert Notenboom, LUMC; Annelieke Schepens-Franke, UMCG; Anna Sieben UMCG; Hester van der Sloot, Haagse Hogeschool; Marja Versantvoort, Fontys Hogeschool Mens en Gezondheid.            
  Legend     Legend                    
  Closed, No reuse allowed     No/partial open access                    
  Semi open access* Minimal: everyone can access at any time for free. Sign in may be required Open access*                    
  Open Access* No sign in, direct access for anyone at any time for free  

NOTE: The term 'open access' was used in the below listing to mean 'no-cost read access'. It does NOT mean freely reusable!

In the realm of research, the term 'open access' is often being meant in a more permissive sense, also including adaptation and redistribution, see Berlin Declaration re. Open Access

    

 

              
  Partially open reuse includes CC Non Derivative                        
  Open reuse CC license that allows reuse, Public Domain                        
  Recommended (PG) Recommended by (initials PG= Paul Gobée; ...)                        
  Not investigated yet                 Test look up subjects    
  Name URL Description/subject Accessibility* License, Explanation Creative Commons (CC) licenses Costs Review Open reusable? Findability specific items Superior mesenteric artery Posterior tibial (muscle) Superior extensor retinaculum Date accessed dd-mm-yyyy Contributed by
  SHORT LIST RECOMMENDATIONS OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES (OER) ANATOMY                          
OER CreativeCommons Search   https://oldsearch.creativecommon.org/ The new interface at https://search.creativecommons.org does not yet deliver usable results for anatomical structures     General search of CC licensed materials in Google, YouTube, Wikimedia, Flickr, etc.              
OER Google Image search, choose Usage Rights   https://www.google.com choose: Tools> Usage rights> Choose one of the options 'Labeled for reuse'     General search of CC licensed materials              
OER Wikimedia: plates from Grays, Sobotta, Grant   https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Anatomical_plates_and_drawings_by_source       Gray's, Sobotta's, Grant's etc. drawings that have fallen into the Public Domain              
OER OpenStax Anatomy & Physiology   https://openstax.org/details/books/anatomy-and-physiology       Currently, the standard open anatomical textbook              
OER Blausen Medical   https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/WikiJournal_of_Medicine/Medical_gallery_of_Blausen_Medical_2014       >250 fresh, attractive drawings of (clinical) anatomy under CC BY license              
OER Anatomy of the Brain   http://neuroanatomy.ca       Attractive site on neuroanatomy under CC BY NC SA license              
OER Radiopaedia   https://radiopaedia.org/       The largest collection of CC licensed radiology images              
OER Gray's Anatomy 1918 on Bartleby   http://www.bartleby.com/107/       The renowned Gray's anatomy book, an edition that has fallen into the Public Domain              
OER 3D embryo atlas   https://www.3dembryoatlas.com/       3D embryology models based on the Carnegie collection. Under CC BY NC ND              
                             
  REPOSITORIES                          
REP CONCLUSION REPOSITORIES: For good quality anatomical images first check the Sobotta images that have fallen in the Public Domain. The Blausen collection is limited in amount and more targeted at medical procedures, but it has very nice images, so it can be useful if the image you need is there. For general search of anatomical materials with a CC license, the best is the Creative Commons search engine. It allows to search across several repositories and search engines. Next best is a Google search with setting of usage rights to 'labeled for reuse'. You will find many images on Wikimedia. For each tested structure this delivered a few anatomically good, but mostly old images (B/W engravings with one colour, Gray type), and some occasional other useful images (radiology, pathology, dissection). However, also a lot not useful images are found: not-human, other structures, unclear or incorrect. So one must know the structure to distinguish. The Britannica ImageQuest might also contain useful images, but one must have a entry license (within institution or private) and the license on the imagery is not completely clear: they do not have CC licenses, but it just states 'educational usage'. Fo instance: is usage online allowed? HEAL and MedEdPortal seem too limited for anatomy.                    
REP (Medical gallery of) Blausen Medical 2014 Recommended (PG) https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/WikiJournal_of_Medicine/Medical_gallery_of_Blausen_Medical_2014 collection of over 250 anatomy and clinical antomy drawings Open access CC BY Free Attractive, good quality Yes n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 6-2-2019 Paul Gobée, LUMC
REP Britannica ImageQuest http://quest.eb.com/search/anatomy Britannica Image repository Inaccessible outside institution. Only access within institution educational': only for your personal, non-commercial use. If you are a teacher, scholar or student, you may copy reasonable portions of the content for lesson plans, interactive whiteboards, reports, dissertations, presentations, school newspapers and for similar nonprofit educational purposes to the extent permitted by applicable law.... for non-commercial (not for sale), educational purposes only, and in accordance with these Terms of Use [..]. Educational purposes include: education, teaching, distance learning, private study, retrieving information and research. ? 39919 img anatomy. Several good. Good and off topic mixed. You need to know the structure to distinguish good/useful from off-topic/incorrect. Reuse rights bit vague (can you repost online?) Would be great if CC licensed, open accessible and anatomically curated. Yes/no? Licensing bit unclear: 'Educational'. Online reuse allowed? search box ~3/74: a few useful out of 74 img: Drawings: 2 anatomically good but old (B/W + 1 colour), 3 fair (partial trajectories). Radiology: 1 reasonably good CTA (partial trajectory), 1 fairly good CTA 3D reconstruction (partial trajectory, overlapping vessels), 1 good indication on CT. Rest: variations on previous, educational unclear, or irrelevant/other topic 1-2/24 img: 1 good unlabeled drawing, 1 movement good, rest unclear or irrelevant/off topic 1-2/5: 1 very good labeled, 1 reasonably good not labeled, 3 incorrect (show other retinaculum), not labeled 13-12-2017 Johannes van der Belt, LUMC
REP Cell Image Library http://www.cellimagelibrary.org/home Collection of thousands of microscopic and electronmicroscopic images and videos and animations of cell components, cell types, organelles, cell processes of a variety of organisms, both normal and abnormal. Open access, for some parts requires Flash or Silverlight. Multiple licenses. Many CC, but also has Copyrighted items. License is given with each item. Free A host of cell types and cell components, mostly non-human. Might be useful to find specific cell component images. Probably more useful for biomedical studies than for medical study. Yes, but only remotely useful for anatomy. search box       9-1-2017 Anna Sieben, UMCG
REP CC Search (incl. Google, YouTube, Wikimedia, Flickr)
Recommended (PG)		 https://search.creativecommons.org/ Meta search engine by Creative Commons (includes searches in Google images, Wikimedia commons, YouTube, Flickr) open access CC free Mostly on Wikimedia; mostly old B/W with one colour engravings type Gray: anatomically correct but old. Also some radiological/pathogical. Also lot not useful: not-human, other structures, unclear or incorrect Yes, but mostly old B/W engravings search box ~3-10 moder/ spec CONCL: A few anatomically good, but old (B/W one colour engravings), a few reasonable radiological normal , 5-10 interesting pathogical radiological. DETAILS: Europeana: 1 good but old (1831, b/w engraving), Flickr: 3 meagre (2 only origin, 1 scheme); Google img: 2 good, 3 reasonable, but all B/W with one/few colour engravings. Sources: Wikimedia, Flickr, embryological: 1 good but old (B/W 1 colour engraving), 2 moderate dissection photo's (1 wikimedia, 1 Flickr); Wikimedia: 85 img = more/less all previous ones + ~10 radiologic & pathological, ~40 veterinary or irrelevant; YouTube: 59 videos: quality unchecked, probably varies ~0-3 moder. DETAILS: Europeana: 0; Flickr: 0; Google img: 1 moderate but old 'muscle self' from Gray's (B/W 1 colour engraving), 2 reasonable-good, but old cross-sections (B/W 1 colour engraving), 1 good but B/W and partial dissection photo (tendon in ankle ); Wikimedia Commons: same ones as previous; YouTube: 211 usefulness not directly clear 1 + few incorrect. DETAILS: Europeana: 0; Flickr: 0; Google img: 1 simple but good, 2 incorrect (term or wrong ligament), all from Wikimedia; Wikimedia: 0; YouTube: 1 not checked quality 13-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
REP Darthmouth Library http://www.dartmouth.edu/~library/biomed/guides/research/medimages.html?mswitch-redir=classic Holds lists of repositories of medical images open access n.a. free A good listing of databeses. But requires investigation of all the mentioned resources to be able to judge if there are gems. N.a.         9-1-2017 Anna Sieben, UMCG
REP CC Search Beta https://ccsearch.creativecommons.org/ Meta search engine by Creative Commons open access CC free Not yet functioning apparently. No results at all for any search. Searched with 'commercial' not checked and 'modify, adapt or build on' checked N.a. search box 0 0 0 13-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
REP Edurep https://www.kennisnet.nl/edurep Dutch repository of educational items, aimed at primary education, secondary education and middle level vocational education open access ? free Selected filters 'medicine', 'University', 'Univ of Applied Sciences' resulted in 33 hits, mostly nursing and general themes as 'health, death, literature research', no anatomical items. Yes, but no relevant content browse a list of items based on filters 0 0 0 2-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
REP Heal (Health Education Assets Library) https://library.med.utah.edu/heal/ 22.000 open items re. health. Mostly clinical. Dermatology, hematological, pathology, histology, neuroanatomical. open access CC BY NC SA or unspecified free Most clinical, not anatomical. Images reasonable but bit simple and not very sophisticated. Tried 2 neurovideos: bad quality, no sound, not understandable, unusable Yes, but anatomy incomplete and limited quality search box 1 meagre 0 1 reasonable 2-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
REP Kahn Academy https://www.khanacademy.org/ Open courses with videos. Has 1 course 'health and medicine' with series of videos on the systems. Has introduction level anatomy. More emphasizing on physiology. Also several clinical courses. open access CC BY NC SA, alternate or copyright free Useful for introductions. Mostly physiological. Falling short for anatomy Yes, but only introductory anatomy useful browse in course 'health and medicine', search box 0 (link to video on biliary duct) 0 (only general video 'Skeletal structure and function' 0 2-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
REP Lane Medical Library, Stanford Medicine https://lane.stanford.edu/bioimagesearch.html Search engine of Stanford University that searches across multiple repositories. Images are labeled with their license. open access Varying licenses. some CC, many copyrighted. The images are practically arranged in license groups of increasing restriction. But at investigation of specific items many are copyrighted. free Initially seems a great resource, but a few tests done so far (the structures in columns at right plus 'Kocher's maneuver', 'hemicolectomy', 'Pfannenstiel' didn't result in any usable images with open reuse license. Either poor quality or copyrighted Some are, but no useful results were found in the performed tests. search box 50 broad reuse license, mostly from Basset collection - quality poor. Moreover license can be unclear if you select a specific item 55 broad reuse license, mostly from Basset collection - quality poor. 19 broad reuse license, mostly from Basset collection - quality poor. None really useful. 9-1-2017 Anna Sieben, UMCG
REP MedEdportal https://www.mededportal.org/ Collection of reviewed medicine related items. Mainly clinical collections. "Stand-alone, complete teaching or learning modules that have been implemented and evaluated". 214 items on 'anatomy', quite varied specific items, mostly clinical anatomical open access CC (diverse) free mostly clinical, limited number of clinical anatomical resources. No hits for individual anatomical structures Yes, but not useful as resource to find individual anatomical structures search box 0 0 0 2-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
REP National Cancer Institute https://visualsonline.cancer.gov                       Anna Sieben, UMCG
REP National Eye Institute https://nei.nih.gov/photo The NEI Photos and Images Catalog is provided as a source of free visuals. Permission is granted to use these items for educational, news media or research purposes, provided the source for each image is credited. The NEI Photos and Images catalog may not be used to promote or endorse commercial products or services. Use by non-profit organizations in connection with fundraising or product sales is considered commercial use.                     Anna Sieben, UMCG
REP National Institute of Mental Health https://images.nimh.nih.gov/public_il/index.cfm Image library includes: videos, audio, illustrations, medical/cellular imaging                     Anna Sieben, UMCG
REP National Library of Medicine https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/                       Anna Sieben, UMCG
REP Merlot                          
REP Open Access Biomedical Image Search Engine https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/ Search engine for biomedical images from journal articles. One can filter on CC licenses Open access Multiple licenses. Many CC, but also has Copyrighted items. One can filter on license. But it is often not completely clear what the license of a specific item is. free A vast amount of images. Mostly clinical. As all images are from journal articles, they mostly show something specific. Probably not very useful to find normal anatomy images. Yes, but probably hardly or no normal anatomy and licensing is somewhat unclear Search box, filters 1708 items        
REP Public Health Image Library (PHIL) https://phil.cdc.gov/Default.aspx Image library includes: illustrations, clinical photography, infographics, photography of health professionals in research and clinical environments, patient photography, medical/cellular imaging.                     Anna Sieben, UMCG
REP Sobotta images in Public Domain
Recommended (PG)		 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sobotta%27s_Anatomy_plates >800 images of the Sobotta atlas that have fallen into the public domain Open access Public domain free Sobotta, renowned, high quality drawings. Most are black and white. Of course a bit old fashioned look. Yes Browse images yes yes unsure, other name? 6-2-2019 Paul Gobée, LUMC, Loes Hazes, VUMC
                             
                             
  GENERAL ANATOMY                        
  CONCLUSION GENERAL ANATOMY: There are a number of common commercial anatomy learning sites (such as KenHub, Acland, ADAM and Netter's), that have very nice materials and are comprehensive, but are all copyrighted, mostly only accessible with paid licenses and not reusable. Kenhub's articles are open accessible and referable by URL. Next there are a series of sites and YouTube channels dedicated to anatomy learning. They have open access and several are quite useful to refer to. However, they are copyrighted or use the standard YouTube license, hence are not open reusable. Searching YouTube or Vimeo for videos licensed with CC results in generally not very useful items, although there might be some individual good items. The exception is one good neuroanatomy site with open content we found: neuroanatomy.ca. In general, summarizing: open access: yes, open reusable: no.                    
  Independent websites                        
SITE Acland http://aclandanatomy.com/ Dissection videos of whole body with explanation W.o. sign in: Transcript of the videos and 1 cover-shot of each; Register/sign in: videos self. No meaningful URLs Copyright 100E/jr Not tested because no access, but appears very good, and is renowned. Only seems to cover a selection of structures though as apeears from the 3 structures random sample checks. No search box 4 videos on topic, and a number more in which mentioned 0 0 2-12-2017 Hester van der Sloot, Haagse Hogeschool
SITE ACLS online library https://pacificmedicalacls.com/acls-online-library-anatomy-of-the-heart.html Mainly pages about cardiac diseases, with one page on anatomy of the heart. Target group: nurses                      
SITE ADAM http://www.adameducation.com/; http://www.interactiveanatomy.com/default.aspx; http://adameducation.com/ADAMvideo/AIA/vid-aia-intro.html Suite of anatomy resources: ADAM Interactive anatomy: Dissectible anatomy: peel off body layer by layer in drawings; 3D: 8 3D rotating models; 15500 quiz questions. Students can receive quizzes with random 20 questions per region. Teachers can create quizzes. Encyclopedia: 3600 articles on diseases, procedures etc. Educational tools. License /Sign in needed, Flash needed (for ADAM Interactive = dissectible). Unity3d web player needed (probably for the 3D models) Copyright 70-140E/yr for students 280-464E/yr for instructors Interactive Anatomy (peel off layer dissectible drawing) very useful to look up during dissection. 3D models: just 'nice'. Imagery reasonably attractive but slightly outdated. Quizzes and Encyclopedia: not tested. No Unknown/ Sign in needed no access, couldn't test no access, couldn't test no access, couldn't test 2-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
SITE ADAM Images http://adamimages.com/ Atlas with 30.000 img (drawings, dissection) W.o. sign in: reasonably large preview of img. No meaningful URLs Copyright. eg. 1 drawing: 1 yr on web 326E, in 1 Powerpoint 50E Good, imgs seem more clinical than anatomy (post tibial muscle not found) No search box 3 (1 reasonably good drawing, 1 good radiology, 1 good dissection) 0 0 2-12-2017,
13-12-2017		 Paul Gobée, LUMC
SITE Anatomedia https://anatomedia.com/ Videos on dissection, radiology, cross-section., sysems. Organized by region. License /Sign in needed Copyright 60E (student) -170E (other) /yr Good. Dissection is the core. But closed. No Unknown/ Sign in needed no access, couldn't test no access, couldn't test no access, couldn't test 3-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
SITE Anatomie3D http://anatomie3d.univ-lyon1.fr/webapp/website/website.html?id=3346735&pageId=223660 Videos. Also some in English and other languages. Uses Youtube channel 3D Anatomy Lyon.                      
SITE Anatomy of the Brain Recommended (PG) http://neuroanatomy.ca Educational site on neuroanatomy by Claudia Krebs - University of British Columbia. Has an atlas of dissection images, MRI, 3D models videos, tutorials. open access CC BY NC SA 4.0 International Free Seems a very useful site for neuroanatomy. Yes, useful! Browse topics n.a. n.a. n.a. 14-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
SITE AnatomyZone http://anatomyzone.com/ Anatomy learning site, by two UK doctors: mini courses on anatomy, apparently using the biodigitalhuman 3D model, Zygote 3D model, Open Stax and AnatomyLearning. Also see YouTube site. open access Copyright Free Good, but bit dull, useful to refer to No Browse topics, search box 1 on topic video, some more related videos 1 on topic video (that is: included invideo on leg muscles) 1 good img and text (apparently from Open Stax) 13-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
SITE Atlas of Human Cardiac Anatomy http://www.vhlab.umn.edu/atlas/ A library of short video clips showing the beating human heart, all the valve actions, the contractions of atria and ventricles, and the architecture of the heart as it beats. open access Copyright Free Post mortem hearts that are brought back to beating by perfusion. Beautiful videos giving a great view of the functioning of the heart. No Browse topics n.a. n.a. n.a. 6-2-2019 Friso Jansen, LUMC
SITE Bartleby Gray's Anatomy Recommended (PG) http://www.bartleby.com/107/ Bartleby hosts the renowned Grays Anatomy of the Human Body 1918 version. open access Public Domain, copyright expired Free An old edition of the classic anatomical 'gold reference work'. Even though it is old, a valuable resource with high quality anatomical information. The images are black and white line drawings Yes Browse topics, search box 10 articles 1 on topic article 1 article uses (different name of structure) 27-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
SITE Earthslab https://www.earthslab.com/human-anatomy/                        
SITE Imaios https://www.imaios.com/en/e-Anatomy Online atlas with descriptions and images. The descriptions are said to incorporate Gray's anatomy 1918 or Wikipedia. The labels on the images are mostly only subscription based. 'AnatomyTOOL but not open'. Really useful content only subscription based. Texts (said to incorporate Gray's anatomy 1918 or Wikipedia) are open accessible, hence are accessible on their original places. A selection of ~1/3 of the images is shown small and with large watermark in it, the images on usable format only show the labels subscription based. Copyright Individual subscription 74,99Euro/year.
App based on in-app purchases 0,61 - 89,99 per item or subscription?		 Extensive and probably useful if you have the subscription, but not very useful for open usage. Texts are largely from Grays or Wikipedia,this can also be accessed there. Lots of images, but labels only accessible with subscription. Search function slow. Quite expensive subscription. No browse and search box. Search box slow (5-10 sec) 10 hits, not all relevant. Images only labels with subscription. No description yet. 0 hits 5 hits, Images only show labels with subscription. Description incorporates Gray. 8-1-2018 Fred van Immerseel, LUMC; Robbert Notenboom, LUMC
SITE Kenhub https://www.kenhub.com/ Anatomy learning site with images, quiz, tutorials. Macro, histology, radiology. Very extensive learning quizzes and tools. 'AnatomyTOOL but not open'. Also see YouTube site. W.o. sign in: text tutorial pages partially. Atlas images in B/W. After free sign in: text tutorial pages. Atlas images. Videos: previews that ad for premium license. Paid license/sign in: quizzes and videos and term pronounciation. Pages have meaningful URLs. Copyright.
"Unless stated otherwise, all content, including illustrations are exclusive property of Kenhub GmbH, and are protected by German and international copyright laws. All rights reserved. "		 133E/jr Good. Visually attractive, easily navigable, good texts. Set-up seems didactically strong with div. quiz types. The videos that are open (see Yoube channel below) are visually attractive but not so exciting. Structures that are mentioned by the speaker are not all shown, so this might be confusing. No After sign in you can search by structure. Browse list of topics per region. After sign in: 1 article, 3 partial drawings. All quite attractive After sign in: 1 article, 4 reasonable images. All quite attractive After sign in: 1 article, 2 good images. All quite attractive 2-12-2017,
13-12-2017		 Hester van der Sloot, Haagse Hogeschool
SITE Netter https://www.netterimages.com/ The renowned atlas. W.o. sign in: reasonably large preview completely covered with watermark. Copyright. eg. 1 drawing: 1 yr on web 282E, in 1 Powerpoint 99E Standard work world wide for decades. But definitely not open! No search box 7 top images, 2 on topic, 5 partial trajectory or variations 3 good img 2 top imgs in book but the online search engine finds none, only searches upperl imb 13-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
SITE Open pediatrics https://www.openpediatrics.org/resources/all?field_asset_type_tid%5B%5D=11541 Includes a great number of educative games.       Note that usage license may be different outside the US.             Anna Sieben, UMCG
SITE TeachMeAnatomy http://teachmeanatomy.info/ 700 anatomical images, created as collaborative project of University of Leicester open access Copyright Free Good texts. Plain simple presentation, Gray coloured in images. Useful to refer to. No Browse topics, search box present in 1 article, 1 img present in 1 article, 1 img 0   Paul Gobée, LUMC
                             
                             
  Book                        
BOOK OpenStax Anatomy & Physiology (recommended PG) https://openstax.org/details/books/anatomy-and-physiology Open textbook of Anatomy and Physiology open access CC BY Free Currently, the standard work in open anatomy. It doesn't go too deep, but it's a good basic text. The images are at a graphic-schematic to graphic-plastic level and with low saturated colours, but functional. The text provides a combination of physiology and anatomy. It provides more general concepts than going into all anatomical structures and details. It thus falls short for the complete medical education, but surely provides more than a good start. It suffices fine for vocational level health disciplines. The online version builds up the pages as if they are constructed on the fly. This being the only open text of this extent and complete coverage available, makes this both a standard work and a laudable effort. Yes index and search box, search function of pdf reader yes, but it is very small on the image of the circulatory system. no yes 20 June 2019 ?
BOOK                            
  YouTube & Vimeo                        
VID 3D Anatomy Lyon https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9LucUID-BUjL_c8oAT3vHQ                        
VID AnatomyTutorials https://www.youtube.com/user/AnatomyTutorials YouTube channel by Kristina Lisk, Toronto, ON with 36 videos on musculoskeletal anatomy, mostly made with a 3D model open access Std YouTube Free Good explanation, clear, nicely used 3D model. Useful videos No Browse topics, search box 0 2 in leg videos 0 (probably) 13-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
VID AnatomyZone YouTube channel https://www.youtube.com/user/TheAnatomyZone/videos YouTube channel of AnatomyZone (see : with 183 videos by two UK doctors: mini courses on anatomy, using the biodigitalhuman 3D model or Zygote 3D model open access Std YouTube Free Good, but bit dull, useful to refer to No Browse topics, search box 1 on topic video, links to more videos 1 on topic video, links to more videos 0 3-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
VID Brigham Young University Anatomy Lab YouTube channel Recommended (PG) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChjIkb7eIG0J84B7EVM8WAg YouTube channel by Brigham Young University Anatomy lab. Nearly 140 videos made by students each showing one anatomical topic, mostly in dissection open access Std YouTube (most) Free Professional video quality. Quite nice dissection quality. The nice thing is that most videos focus just on structure or topic. Also nice is that it is presented by students, so it is very recognizable for students. No Browse topics, search box 1 in arteries of the body video 1 in leg video 0 13-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
VID Human Anatomy Education https://www.youtube.com/user/akramjfr YouTube channel for anatomy education with > 500 videos. By Dr.Akram Abood Jaffar (Ph.D.), location: Canada? United Arab Emirates? open access Std YouTube Free Anatomically good/correct. Technically moderate: Dissection videos have very discolored bodies, not very nicely dissected, video moves around and is not always on the point the presenter wants to show. It seems like a recorded regular dissection room prosection demo, the teacher is good but the overall presentation, recording and material doesn't completely get to the standard of an optimal educational video. A video on muscles of the leg explained concepts nicely, but needs previous knowing of the muscle names. Nice is that he combines all kinds of non-anatomical things with it: e.g. pictures of bridges to show mechanics, (historical) backgrounds of names, etc. General impression: a good anatomist, but the poor cadaver material and unprofessional video recording quality unfortunately affects the educational quality. Selected videos might be useful. No Browse topics, search box 2 on topic dissection videos. a drawing video, a model video, an imaging video and a few videos on related topics 0 on topic 1 on topic 13-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
VID KenHub YouTube channel https://www.youtube.com/user/kenHubCOM YouTube channel with approx 250 mini-course videos open access Std YouTube free Might be useful to refer to some videos if by chance one on topic present here. Only a limited amount of structures are covered in these open videos. The videos are visually attractive but not so exciting. Structures that are mentioned by the speaker are not all shown, so this might be confusing. No search box 0 (1 video in which it is mentioned, but not clearly indicated, 2 off topic videos) 0 (9 off topic videos) 0 (4 off topic videos) 13-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
VID Leiden University MOOCs - Anatomy of the Abdomen and Pelvis; a journey from basis to clinic https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzugOrS2Z8opb0FR1eJMVcy8_p-wRMPET YouTube channel with 73 videos from MOOC with the same name. open access CC BY NC SA 3.0 free External reviewer sought Yes           Paul Gobée, LUMC
VID Noted anatomist YouTube channelRecommended (PG) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCe9lb3da4XAnN7v3ciTyquQ YouTube channel with 95 videos by David Morton : mini courses on anatomy open access Std YouTube Free Good. American. Good didactic quality. Useful to refer to No Browse, search box 1 on topic video, links to more videos 1 on topic video, links to more videos 0 (1 incorrect link) 3-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
VID YouTube - search CC https://www.youtube.com Get cc videos by searching with addition ",creativecommons" (with comma!) open access CC BY Free There are many anatomical videos online, but quality differs. Yes search box 59 videos, most probably not very useful (Arab, cat, some operations..) 129 videos, mostly probably not great (all kind of physical exercise videos) 1 Arab video 13-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
VID Vimeo - find CC https://vimeo.com Get cc videos by using filters open access CC (different types) Free The random tests give only a few specific clinical videos, no basic anatomy Yes, but the random tests show no basic anatomy search box 3 radiology 3 clinical videos 0 13-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
                             
                             
  MOOCs                          
MO OC Anatomy of the Abdomen and Pelvis; a journey from basis to clinic https://www.coursera.org/learn/abdomen-anatomy MOOC on Coursera by dept. Anatomy & Embryology Leiden University Medical Center. On the Anatomy of the Abdomen and Pelvis.                     Paul Gobée, LUMC
MO OC Exploring Anatomy: the Human Abdomen https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/anatomy MOOC on FutureLearn by James Pickering of University of Leeds, UK. On the anatomy of the abdomen.                     Paul Gobée, LUMC
                             
                             
  DISSECTION                          
  CONCLUSION DISSECTION:the camera quality and the quality of the dissections and cadaver material unfortunately often falls short, decreasing the educational usefulness of many of the dissection videos. The Acland videos are proably of good quality, but behind a paywall. Open accessible, the Brigham Young students videos are quite well, and specifically for the topic of fascia's Gil Hedley's videos. These may be useful to refer to. All videos, except some very poor quality 70's videos (Open Academy) are copyrighted, hence not open reusable.                    
DISS Acland see GENERAL ANATOMY                       Hester van der Sloot, Haagse Hogeschool
DISS AnatomyGuy http://www.anatomyguy.com/all-videos/ A whole series of dissection and other videos open access Copyrighted Free Camera quality poor, this importantly decreases the value. No Browse topics didn't check whole video to see if it was mentioned didn't check whole video to see if it was mentioned didn't check whole video to see if it was mentioned 14-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
DISS Basset collection http://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/index.html 1,547 (?) photos and drawings from a 1962 atlas open access. requires Flash CC BY NC SA Free Useful resource of dissection images. Bit brown old images, but usable. Search engine not very useful (returns brain images for SMA and leg muscle) Yes, but quality moderate Browse topics, search box 1280 (but ~10% on topic?) 867 (but ~10% on topic?) 931(but ~10% on topic?) 14-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
  Bluelink, Univ. Michigan
Recommended (PG)		 https://sites.google.com/a/umich.edu/bluelink/resources/bluelinks Dissection photo's open access Copyrighted, Materials from these pages may be used for educational purposes with credit and notification to authors. Free A valuable collection of high quality dissection photo's. No Browse topics yes no, as far as I see no, as far as I see 6-2-2019 Michael Hortsch, Univ. of Michigan
DISS Brigham Young University Anatomy Lab YouTube channel see GENERAL ANATOMY, YOUTUBE     Copyrighted     No           Paul Gobée, LUMC
DISS Gil Hedley Recommended (PG) http://www.gilhedley.com/ghvideo.php 8 long dissection videos (hour) and 15 dissection images mainly focusing on fascia and layers open access Copyrighted Free Good quality dissections and cadaver material and video quality. Special attention to fascia's. One can see the love of the dissector for the human body. Sometimes the dissector presents some personal particular views though, that may not appeal to all. Probably not a medically licensed doctor. No Browse topics didn't check whole video to see if it was mentioned didn't check whole video to see if it was mentioned didn't check whole video to see if it was mentioned 14-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
DISS Human Anatomy Education see GENERAL ANATOMY, YOUTUBE                       Paul Gobée, LUMC
DISS Laboratories Anatomical Enlightment http://www.lofae.com/ 16 long (1-2 hours) dissection videos Only trailers open accesible Copyrighted 2,99$/video Trailers: good camera quality No Browse topics didn't check whole video to see if it was mentioned didn't check whole video to see if it was mentioned didn't check whole video to see if it was mentioned 14-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
DISS Lawrence G Altman dissections http://www.lawrencegaltman.com/Naugbio/CADAVER/GALLERY.htm 27 dissection videos. Flash based. open access. requires Flash ?? Free Moderate video quality, also because one cannot enlarge it. ? Browse topics didn't check whole video to see if it was mentioned didn't check whole video to see if it was mentioned didn't check whole video to see if it was mentioned 14-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
DISS Univ Michigan Dissection videos http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/m1/anatomy2010/html/courseinfo/video_index.html Dissections videos apparently meant to support dissection practical, organised by the dissection process Could not view due to codec/plugin Copyrighted Free Can't watch No Browse topics didn't check whole video to see if it was mentioned didn't check whole video to see if it was mentioned didn't check whole video to see if it was mentioned 14-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
DISS Open Academy, Michigan https://theopenacademy.com/content/human-anatomy-dissection series of 47 dissection videos from the 1970s open access CC BY NC SA Free Camera quality poor, this importantly decreases the value. Yes, but quality so limited that cannot be adviced Browse topics didn't check whole video to see if it was mentioned didn't check whole video to see if it was mentioned didn't check whole video to see if it was mentioned 14-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
DISS Univ. Wisconsin Gross Anatomy Dissection https://videos.med.wisc.edu/events/65 21 dissection videos open access ??? Free Presented nicely organised and open accessible, but the cadaver material, dissection quality and video technical quality are suboptimal, decreasing the educational value. Selected videos might be useful. No? License unclear Browse topics y y didn't check whole video to see if it was mentioned 14-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
                             
                             
  HISTOLOGY                          
HIST Poja Collection UMCG http://www.poja-collection-microscopic-anatomy.com/ A selection from the vast collection of slides of human histology and electron microscopy collected by Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands, regarding 13 Organ Systems. The images are stills, not virtual slides. They are used in the teaching of Medical students, Dentistry students, Medical bioscience students and of the School for Laboratory Technicians. Part of the slides is also in the HEAL collection. open access   Free               Annelieke Schepens-Franke, UMCG
HIST Virtual slides Univ. Mchigan http://virtualslides.med.umich.edu/ A huge collection virtual slides. open access, requires Flash   Free                
HIST Virtual Microscopy Database http://virtualmicroscopydatabase.org/ Platform for donating and exchanging digital microcopy files Only access for educators and researchers, after acquiring permission copyrighted? Free Large collection but unfortunately no open access No Yes, but no changes allowed n.a. n.a. n.a. 6-2-2019 Michael Hortsch, Univ. of Michigan
HIST LeBlond Histology atlas, McGill http://audilab.bme.mcgill.ca/HA/ LeBlond Histology atlas, McGill open access CC BY NC ND Free               W. Robert J. Funnell, Prof. McGill univ, CA
                             
  3D ADULT                          
3D CONCLUSION 3D ADULT:there is a host of commercial platforms with all fancy 3D models, all claiming to be world wide the best, unique, etc. All are copyrighted, hence not reusable. ZygoteBody allows free access, but no showing/hiding of individual structures. Biodigital requires free sign in but allows showing/hiding of structures. AnatomyLearning allows creating imagery from its model but does not have a clear CC license, it requires placing its logo. The only 3D model under CC license is BodyParts. Ready to use models can be made from it. It has the whole anatomy annotated, but its quality is moderate due to its low poly count. Sketchfab has some specific good quality 3D models under CC license, esp. of Anna Sieben, Univ. of Groningen and Dundee.                    
3D 3D4Medical (IRL, USA) Complete anatomy - https://3d4medical.com/ 3D rotatable model with ciurses and AR. Installed application for W10, Mac or mobile Does not work in browser. Copyrighted. ? Could not test. Does not work in browser. No No access n.a. n.a. n.a. 10-12-2017 Michel Dieben, LUMC
3D AnatomyLearning.com http://anatomylearning.com/ 3D models that you can use freely to create imagery with. Showing the logo is required. By Dr. Blanco Salado, Peset Hospital, Valencia. Also has quiz tools. Originally Spanish, translated to English. open access, works in browser Every content created with our software (i.e. images or videos) must have a clearly visible link to "www.AnatomyLearning.com" and AnatomyLearning's logo (see logo's collection), both full time the content is visible. In case of videos, a spoken mention at the end of the video is required too. II - Getting profit (directly or indirectly) from these contents is forbidden without permission. III - We reserve to ourselves the right to unilaterally request the retirement of the contents.This means, the permission of publication and distribution of contents created with our software can be revoked. Free Actually quite well looking. Bit simplified. Interface clean, but little imperfections: hovers showing function missing on buttons. Lower parts of screen can only be reached by scroll-button on mouse, not with mouse-buttons (there are no scroll bars). This causes that navigating sometimes has little hurdles. Useful but the license is not a CC license. The possibility to revoke usage of created imagery, even though probably only a legal safety is a bit worrying to invest much time. Some little translation (English) imperfections (e.g. YeYunum) Yes/no, no CC license, logo required. Permission can be revoked. Browse       13-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
3D Anatronica (CHI) https://anatomy-3d-anatronica.soft112.com/ Free 3D Web app on human skeletal and muscular anatomy. Seems from a single developer. Last update 2013. Site http://www.anatronica.com is down Does not work in browser. ? free Did not test. Probably lower quality. Not updated No? No access n.a. n.a. n.a. 10-12-2017 Michel Dieben, LUMC
3D Audilab NEW:  http://audilab.bme.mcgill.ca/~funnell/davis3d/thrwpny.html

CLASSIC: http://audilab.bme.mcgill.ca/~funnell/davis3d/

 3D models of head, trunk and foot open access CC BY NC SA free The new 3D (webGL) interface is in which the models can be dragged is far better than the classic interface, in which the models can be stepwise rotated. The classic interface can hardly be recommended, this review regards the new interface. The models are somewhat course, little smoothed. There is no texturing. The heart model is unfinished. Clicking a structure provides its name. Structures can be hidden or restored via keyboard shortcuts.
Different from many 3D models that show everything, resulting in an overly complex view, or require endless hiding of structures in order to see the structures one wants to see, the authors of these models offer a number of preselections, which makes the models far better usable.  Also some zoomed in models are offered, e.g. of the biliary system. Especially the skull, the circle of Willis, the thoracic vertebrae, the biliary system, the pelvis ligaments and pelvis arteries (also showing the piriformis and internal obturator muscles well) appeared useful to me. Despite the site's layout being very basic, the models relatively basic and not too sophisticated from an esthetic standpoint, their preselections, the easy interface requiring no specific software besides the browser, the names when clicked, and the open accessibility, make the indicated 3D models actually more didactically useful than many high-end 3D models.		 Yes no, click structure for its name n.a. n.a. n.a. 20 June 2019 W. Robert J. Funnell, Prof. McGill univ, CA
3D Biodigital https://www.biodigital.com/ 3D rotatable model. You can hide or show systems or structures. Click on a structure to get its name. An explanation is provided with each structure. Possibilities to reuse in websites, apps (for cost probably). Source: Own graphic production free sign in needed, works in browser Copyrighted. Use of imagery for non-commercial, private educational use only Free for individual use, unknown costs ('contact us') for use by teachers, use in web sites The usual pro's and cons of 'all structures in the bod'y 3D applications: either you see too much or you see too little. And it is a lot of work to turn on and off structures to see something specific you need. Good for looking up individual structures. Not good for seeing relations between structures. E.g. I didn't succeed in creating an image that shows which structures are supplied by the SMA. Either the involved structures are shown (and hide the SMA) or they are hidden and you see the SMA -together with a lot of other blood vessels-, but you don't see where it goes to. No After sign in y, but you don't see what it supplies ~ can be found under right tibialis posterior resp. left tibialis posterior, but you don't find it if you look for muscle yes 10-12-2017 Michel Dieben, LUMC
3D BodyParts 3D https://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/en/bodyparts3d/desc.html 3D model data that can be used to create applications open access. Download 3D data and use in 3D editing software CC BY SA free 3D data loaded in 3D editing software: contains a lot, but also several structures missing, object collisions, shortcomings due to low poly: simplified structures, hooked surfaces, etc. Yes, but no ready imagery. Needs processing. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 10-12-2017 Michel Dieben, LUMC
3D BodyParts3D/Anatomography http://lifesciencedb.jp/bp3d/ 3D models of individual structure (parts) in BodyPart 3D model open access. 3D individual structures: just see screenshots, 3D model anatomatography doesn't work with me CC BY SA free just see screenshots, quality low Yes, but not very useful: images low quality, partial structures search box y, but no content visible y, but no content visible y, but no content visible 10-12-2017 Michel Dieben, LUMC
3D Cyber Anatomy 3D for zSpace (USA) http://cyberscience3d.com/project/cyber-anatomy-holographic/ Virtual Reality Anatomy No access without license. Copyrighted. ? Could not test. No access without license. No No access n.a. n.a. n.a. 10-12-2017 Michel Dieben, LUMC
3D Digihuman (CHI) http://digihuman.com/en/ Apparently a 3D rotatable model, dissections, radiology I don't succeed in getting to content ? ? Could not test ?, couldn't find the content No access n.a. n.a. n.a. 10-12-2017 Michel Dieben, LUMC
3D Essential anatomy -3D4Medical https://3d4medical.com/ 3D rotatable model. Installed application for Mac or iPad. Source: Own graphic production Does not work in browser. Copyrighted. ? Could not test. Does not work in browser. No No access n.a. n.a. n.a. 10-12-2017 Michel Dieben, LUMC
3D Netters 3D Interactive Anatomy (USA) http://netter3danatomy.com/ Apparently 3D based on Netter's images. Could not get any to work. Legacy version: IE and Safari, needs Unity webplayer plugin. New beta version works in major browsers without plugin. Copyrighted. 5$/mo Could not test. Could not get it to work. No No access n.a. n.a. n.a. 10-12-2017 Michel Dieben, LUMC
3D Neuromorpho.org http://neuromorpho.org/ A centrally curated inventory of digitally reconstructed neurons associated with peer-reviewed publications. It contains contributions of over 400 laboratories worldwide and is continuously updated.                     Anna Sieben, UMCG
3D NIH 3D print exchange https://3dprint.nih.gov/                       Anna Sieben, UMCG
3D Organon 3D anatomy atlas http://www.3dorganon.com/ 3D rotatable model. Installed application for W10, Mac or mobile. Source: Own graphic production Does not work in browser. Only bone and skeleton free. Copyrighted. Student 25$ for app Could not test. Does not work in browser. Does not work on < W10. Screenshots look fancy. No No access n.a. n.a. n.a. 10-12-2017 Michel Dieben, LUMC
3D Pocket Anatomy (IRL, USA) https://www.pocketanatomy.com/ 3D rotatable model. Works on mobile and Mac Does not work in browser. Copyrighted. ? Could not test. Does not work in browser. No No access n.a. n.a. n.a. 10-12-2017 Michel Dieben, LUMC
3D Primal Pictures Ltd. | Anatomy.TV (UK) http://www.anatomy.tv/ 3D rotatable model. According to demo videos: find structures, browse in tree, click structures to see name. Source: Apparently the Visible Human female. No access without license. Copyrighted. Student 95$/yr, Personal 725$/yr No access without license. From previous trials: Complex interface. The usual pro's and cons of 'all structures in the bod'y 3D applications: either you see too much or you see too little. No No access n.a. n.a. n.a. 10-12-2017 Michel Dieben, LUMC
3D SketchFab, Anatomy https://sketchfab.com/search?q=anatomy Platform for 3D models. Also contains anatomy. open access, works in browser Differs: CC and C free High quality 3D models by Anna Sieben and of Univ of Dundee. Other anatomy models sometimes are incorrect. Some models have CC Yes/no: some yes and good search box 3 models, not specific 1 on topic, good model, 5 off topic 0 14-12-2017 Anna Sieben, UMCG
3D SketchFab, Anatomy next https://sketchfab.com/a4s                       Anna Sieben, UMCG
3D SketchFab, Anna Sieben https://sketchfab.com/asieben Models by A Sieben: so far most tissues                     Anna Sieben, UMCG
3D SketchFab, Doctor Jana https://sketchfab.com/docjana/models                       Anna Sieben, UMCG
3D SketchFab, Elearning UMCG https://sketchfab.com/eLearningUMCG Models from Elearning UMCG group: so far most hearts and teeth   Most CC                 Anna Sieben, UMCG
3D SketchFab, University of Dundee, CAHID https://sketchfab.com/anatomy_dundee/models Models by Univ of Dundee: so far most bones, ear. Eye   Copyrighted                 Anna Sieben, UMCG
3D SketchFab, Intervoke https://sketchfab.com/intervoke                       Anna Sieben, UMCG
3D TeamLabBody |3D Motion Human Anatomy http://www.teamlabbody.com 3D model that can show movements. App for mobile only Does not work in browser. Copyrighted. "teamLabBody"is planning to open our data to utilize it for education and commercial purposes. 28,81 Could not test. Does not work in browser. No. Site states considering 'opening for education' No access n.a. n.a. n.a. 10-12-2017 Michel Dieben, LUMC
3D VH Dissector Pro http://www.toltech.net/downloads/vh-dissector-pro Cross-sectional viewer of Visible Human + dissections Does not work in browser. License key and payment needed Copyrighted. Student 2yr access $119 Lifetime $299 Could not test. Does not work in browser. No No access n.a. n.a. n.a. 10-12-2017 Michel Dieben, LUMC
3D Visible body (USA) https://www.visiblebody.com/ 3D rotatable model, animations, lab activities, and quizzes. Installed application for W, Mac or mobile. Source: own graphic production Does not work in browser. Copyrighted. 25$ Could not test. Does not work in browser. No No access n.a. n.a. n.a. 10-12-2017 Michel Dieben, LUMC
3D Zygote Body (USA) https://www.zygotebody.com/ 3D rotatable model. The former Google Body. You can hide or show more or less of systems with a drag slider. Free interface doesn't support show/hide of individual structures. Click a structure to get its name. Source: Living human scan, graphic direct access, works in browser Copyrighted. With Zygote Body and ZygoteBody Premium license only personal use. Only with Zygote Body Professional maing derivatives is allowe , you must discountinue there usage after stopping Professional account. derivates made by you are owned by Zygote. Lite: free, Premium: 4$/mo, Professional: 98$/month The usual pro's and cons of 'all structures in the bod'y 3D applications: either you see too much or you see too little. Free interface doesn't support show/hide of individual structures. No search box y, but you don't see what it supplies no yes 10-12-2017 Michel Dieben, LUMC
                             
  EMBRYOLOGY                          
  CONCLUSION EMBRYOLOGY:The Virtual Human Embryo is a massive resource containing the original Carnegie slides segmented. But it is copyrighted. The Swiss embryology.ch is a complete learning resource on embryology, solid, but not fancy. Indiana university has some simple but quite good animation tutorials. The long-standing Simbryo can now also be found online, unclear whether this is legal. All of the prvious are good to refer to but are copyrighted, so don't allow reuse. The only good modern 3D embryology resource that we found, that has a CC license (albeit a ND one), is the Amsterdam 3D embryo atlas.                    
EMB RYO 3D embryo atlas Recommended (PG) https://www.3dembryoatlas.com/ 14 3D model reconstructions of Carnegie embryo collection in all stages. Pdfs, and raw annotated slice data (segmentations) available for download under CC. Editable 3D models themselves not available. open access CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 free Very useful 3D models. Visually attractive. A very useful resource. Yes/no (CC ND) Browse stages n.a. n.a. n.a. 12-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
EMB RYO Embryology https://www.youtube.com/user/AnimatedEmbryology YouTube channel with 22 embryology animations derived from Primal Pictures and Moore. Advertises Primalonline learning open access video: STd YouTube, imagery copyrighted free Good animations. Unclear if this is an ad for Primal Pictures or illegaly derived No Browse list of videos n.a. n.a. n.a. 12-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
EMB RYO Embryology.ch Recommended (PG) http://www.embryology.ch Extensive, well organised, embryology learning site, with all the embryology systematically covered. Texts and schematic drawings. Quizzes. Developed by the universities of Fribourg, Lausanne and Bern open access Copyrighted. free Good site, well organised, good to refer to. Solid, but not glamorous, technically not modern (last update 2008, site mentions Netscape) No Browse TOC. No search box. n.a. n.a. n.a. 12-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
EMB RYO Embryology wiki UNSW https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Main_Page#top Extensive site with description of embryology: both content and historical open access Varies. different licenses free Extensive info. Imagery is old. Bit messy. Depends on specific item n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 10-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
EMB RYO The Endowment for Human development http://www.ehd.org/educators_readytouse.php Promises professional educational materials sign in, only registered Copyrighted. free? Could not test. No access without license. No No access n.a. n.a. n.a. 12-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
EMB RYO Human Embryology Animations http://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/embryo_main/index.html Collection of animations with explanations to learn embryology. By Indiana University open access Copyrighted. free Good site with very useful animations, despite simple graphic schematic animations. Good to refer to! No Browse list of animations. No search box n.a. n.a. n.a. 12-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
EMB RYO Khan Academy Embryogenesis https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/cells/embryology/v/early-embryogenesis-cleavage-blastulation-gastrulation-and-neurulation Early embryogenesis lecture 'drawing and talking'. open access CC BY NC SA free Limited extent. An incorrect over-simplification (intestines derive from endoderm, skin from ectoderm,..) Yes, but only introductory Only a few videos n.a. n.a. n.a. 12-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
EMB RYO Simbryo
Recommended (PG)		 http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/restricted/simbryo The long used Simbryo set of 7 step-by-step animations of the embryology, Flash based. Was sold together with Langman atlas. Unclear whether this is a legal online posting. open access Copyrighted. legal online? The long used Simbryo set of 7 step-by-step animations of the embryology, Flash based. Unclear whether this is a legal online posting. It was the embryology animation resource for several years. Langman atlas doesn't seem to have it anymore. Other postings of Simbryo give an 'illegal site' message with a link to Stanford site http://simbryo.stanford.edu/ which is not available anymore. No Choose of the 7 subjects n.a. n.a. n.a. 12-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
EMB RYO Next generation embryology project http://aberlour.hgu.mrc.ac.uk/ngembryo/ngembryo.php States to be a Jisc based 'Google maps of Embryology' sign in ? ? Doesn't seem to work, only error messages. n.a. Doesn't seem to work, only error messages n.a. n.a. n.a. 12-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
EMB RYO The Virtual Human Embryo http://virtualhumanembryo.lsuhsc.edu/HEIRLOOM/heirloom.htm Apparently only overview/reference site to Virtual Human content below open access Copyrighted. free Apparently only overview/reference site to Virtual Human content below No n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 12-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
EMB RYO The Virtual Human Embryo http://www.prenatalorigins.org/virtual-human-embryo/ 14,250-page, illustrated atlas of human embryology, 11 year 3,2M$ project. Full digitisation of Carnegie collection. Extensive, comprehensive site with slices from the Carnegie collection, terminology, all ordered to Carnegie stage open access Copyrighted. free A standard work. A comprehensive look-up and research site. Not for primary education No Browse by stage. Search box yes no no 12-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
EMB RYO YouTube embryology CC https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=embryology%2C+creativecommons Youtube CC tagged Embryology videos open access CC BY free Apparently only a handful scientifical teaching embryology resources. Majority is about 'Embryology in the Quran' Yes, but probably not very useful Browse videos n.a. n.a. n.a. 12-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
                             
                             
  CLINICAL ANATOMY                        
  CONCLUSION CLINICAL ANATOMY:There are very good surgical and medical sites to refer to or look up info. Reuse of these materials is not allowed though. Radiology though is ahead of the field with a number of good, open 'TOOL' like resource-sites, esp. Radiopaedia. These are definitely useful.                    
  INTERNAL, GENERAL MEDICINE                        
INT MED UpToDate https://www.uptodate.com/contents/table-of-contents Clinical decision support resource' site. An international standard. Only with license Copyrighted. You may print out, or email to a colleague, individual articles containing only insubstantial portions of the most current version of the Licensed Materials, but only for a) your personal clinical, educational or research use; b) teaching healthcare professionals; or c) consulting with individual colleagues, provided that any printed or emailed articles include a source reference to UpToDate and its copyright notice. You are not permitted to print or email substantial portions of the Licensed Materials, nor to email individual articles to large numbers of recipients.PROHIBITED USES: Except as expressly permitted in this Agreement, any copying, distribution or modification of the Licensed Materials is strictly prohibited. No part of the Licensed Materials may be copied for resale or other commercial use, or posted on public bulletin boards, web sites, Internet domains, or online chatrooms. ?? The worldwide standard site for clinical uptodate information.Not open. No search box >50 (show more.) >50 (show more.) >50 (show more.) 14-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
                             
  RADIOLOGY                          
RAD Chest X ray database https://nihcc.app.box.com/v/ChestXray-NIHCC 112,120 frontal-view X-ray images of 30,805 unique patients with text-mined fourteen disease image labels open to download The usage of the data set is unrestricted. But you should provide the link to our original download site, acknowledge the NIH Clinical Center and provide a citation to our CVPR 2017 paper. Free Probably more useful for research than teaching, especially as easier radiology resources are available Yes, but probably not very practical n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 14-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
RAD Echocardiographer echocardiographer.org Site by two cardiologists, mainly about US of the heart. Contains moving US imagery. open access, Flash required Copyrighted. You may print out, or email to a colleague, individual articles containing only insubstantial portions of the most current version of the Licensed Materials, but only for a) your personal clinical, educational or research use; b) teaching healthcare professionals; or c) consulting with individual colleagues, provided that any printed or emailed articles include a source reference to UpToDate and its copyright notice. You are not permitted to print or email substantial portions of the Licensed Materials, nor to email individual articles to large numbers of recipients.PROHIBITED USES: Except as expressly permitted in this Agreement, any copying, distribution or modification of the Licensed Materials is strictly prohibited. No part of the Licensed Materials may be copied for resale or other commercial use, or posted on public bulletin boards, web sites, Internet domains, or online chatrooms. Free Useful resource to link to. No Browse topics n.a. n.a. n.a. 14-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
RAD MedPix (The National Library of Medicine) https://medpix.nlm.nih.gov/home A free open-access online database of medical images, teaching cases, and clinical topics, integrating images and textual metadata including over 12,000 patient case scenarios, 9,000 topics, and nearly 59,000 images. open access For anything other than personal use, you should respect the original contributor and contact them for additional permission requests. Free Maily case based. Neither searches on 'Kocher's maneuver', 'hemicolectomy', 'Pfannenstiel', nor searches on the three test structures revealed great images for anatomy larning. Especially a lot of radiology. No search box a few dozen, mostly ct scans. 0 on topic 0   Anna Sieben, UMCG. Loes HazesVU
RAD Radiopaedia
Recommended (PG)		 https://radiopaedia.org/ Free educational radiology resource with one of the web's largest collections of radiology cases and reference articles. 2,283 anatomy articles. open access CC BY NC SA 3.0 Free Theopen radiology resource. 'TOOL for radiology'. Very useful source to refer to anatomy and to radiological imagery and cases. Yes, one of the few good open resources Browse topics, search box 163 items 68 items 7 items 14-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
RAD Ultrasoundpaedia http://www.ultrasoundpaedia.com/ Online resource of anatomy, physiology and pathology pertaining to ultrasound normal anatomy: open access; pathology: paid license Terms: Individuals may copy, distribute, display, download and otherwise freely deal with the material on the condition that Ultrasoundpaedia Pty Limited is visibly credited of the source of that material. No commercial usage. No modification allowed. Free Useful resource to link to for normal anatomy US images with good explanation. Images may be copied non-commercially, but not modified. Yes/No; modify: no. No CC license. Browse topics, search box 1 item 1 on topic 0 14-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
                             
  SURGERY                          
SURG Chirurg en operatie http://www.chirurgenoperatie.nl                       Marja Versantvoort, Fontys Hogeschool Mens en Gezondheid
SURG Med-info Operatieprocedures http://www.med-info.nl/Operatieprocedures_Virtuele%20operaties_GI%20chirurgie.html; http://www.med-info.nl/Operatieprocedures_Overzicht.html Site focussing on medical info for consultants, residents and medical students (Dutch). Surgical procedures. Protocols of surgical procedures. Descriptions of anatomy in surgical procedures: for this it refers to WebSurg (below) open access Copyrighted Free Useful site to look up and get background information. Images in the Anatomy section are all Netter's images (illegaly copied?) No search box 9 4 1 14-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
SURG Medscape https://reference.medscape.com/guide/anatomy Site with medical news and expert perspectives; drug and disease information; professional education and CME. open access Copyrighted Free? Huge list of anatomy topics. Useful to refer to. No search box 560 items 667 items 37 items 14-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
SURG SurgeryAssistant http://www.surgeryassistant.nl/ (Dutch) site aimed at surgical residents, by surgical resident J. Sprakel, privately maintained. open access Copyrighted Free Site in development but already lots of surgical protocols, additional info, videos. Useful to refer to. No Browse topics n.a. n.a. n.a. 14-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
SURG Websurg https://www.websurg.com Virtual surgical university': extensive website with training in surgery. Includes descriptions of operations and involved anatomy. Free account needed Copyrighted Free? A useful site to study surgical procedures. But very copyrighted. No search box 153 items found 0 0 14-12-2017 Paul Gobée, LUMC
                             
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